genealogical chart(s)

  1. pictograph(s) -- e.g. = tree
  2. ideograph(s) -- abstractions, e.g. = one
  3. logical aggregate(s) -- e.g. = peace (roof, woman)
  4. phonetic complex(es) -- e.g. = loyal (center, m: heart)
  5. associative transformation(s) -- extension to related concept
  6. borrowing(s) -- unrelated meaning, similar pronunciation