topical media & game development

topical media & game development

[] readme course(s) preface I 1 2 II 3 4 III 5 6 7 IV 8 9 10 V 11 12 afterthought(s) appendix reference(s) example(s) resource(s) _

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character(s): 汉字 hàn zì

pictograph: 象形 xiàng xíng -- 水日木
ideograph: 指事 zhǐ shì -- -- 上下中
associative compound: 会意 huì yì -- 好话
phonetic compound: 形声 xíng shēng -- 问 / 门
false borrowing: 假借 jiǎ jiè -- 来 / 麦
semantic derivation: 转注 zhuǎn zhù -- 网

phrase order(s) -- topic subject predicate

subject + verb + [indirect object] + direct object
subject + preposition + verb + direct object
subject + location phrase + verb phrase
subject + time when + predicate
subject + time when + location + verb phrase

adjectival verb(s)

高 gāo, 贵 guì, 小 xiǎo, 大 dà, 好

intensifier(s)

很 hěn -- very
真 zhēn -- really
比较 bǐjiào -- rather
相当 xiāng dāng -- quite
特别 tè bié -- especially
非常 fēi cháng -- extremely
尤其 yóu qí -- especially
极其 jí qí -- extremely
太 tài -- too
更 gèng -- more
最 zuì -- most

postfix:

(好) 得很: very good
(好) 极了: to be terrific
(好) 得不得了: to be terrific

linking: yuè (lái) yuè

越来越 (adjectival verb) -- more and more
越 (action verb) 越 (adjectival verb) -- the more

stative verb(s) -- 不 / 没

喜欢 xǐhuan, 爱 ài , 像 xiàng, 要 yào, 需要 xūyào, 怕 pà, 尊敬 zūnjìng, 感谢 gǎnxiè, 懂 dǒng, 信 xìn, 想念 xiǎngniàn, 是 shì, 姓 xìng, 有 yǒu, 在 zài

是 shì -- equational verb: to be
姓 xìng -- to be family-named
有 yǒu -- possesion & existence
在 zài -- to be located at

modal verb(s) -- 不

possiblility -- 会 huì
ability -- 会 huì, 能 néng, 可以 kěyǐ
permission -- 可以 kěyǐ
obligation:
(strong) -- 必须 bìxū, 必得 bìděi, 得 děi
(weak) -- 应该 yīnggāi, 该, 应当, 当 dāng, 应 (formal)
(negative) -- 不必 bùbì
prohibitions -- 不可以, 不能, 不许 bùxǔ (formal)
as adverb(s) -- 必须 bìxū, 必得 bìděi, 得 děi (oblig.)

action verb(s) -- 了 / 过 / 在 / 着

: 买, 学, 看, 吃, 睡 shuì, 去, 唱 chàng, 洗

obligatory object(s):

-- 说话 shuōhuà 睡觉 shuìjiào, 看书 kànshū, 吃饭 chīfàn, 写字 xiězì, 画画儿 huàhuàr, 唱歌儿 chànggēr, 洗澡 xǐzǎo

change of state(s):

做 zuò, 站 zhàn, 放 fàng (put), 挂 guà (hang), 离开 líkāi (depart), 穿 chuān (clothing), 戴 dài (clothing), 病 bìng, 到 dào, 去 qù

preposition(s)

location -- 在 zài (optional in time)
reference -- 对 duì (to), 向 xiàng (towards)
joint performance -- 跟 gēn
movement -- 从 cóng (from), 到 dào (to), 往 wǎng (towards), 进 jìn (into)
transfer -- 给 gěi (to), 跟 gēn (from), 向 xiàng (from)
benificiary -- 给 gěi (for), 替 tì (for)
agent in pasive sentence(s) -- 被 bèi, 叫 jiào, 让 ràng
in formal language: 为 wèi (for), 由 yóu (from), 于 yú (at/in/on), 自从 zìcóng (from, ever since)
as verb(s): 在 (at/exist), 给 (to/give), 到 (to/arrive), 对 (towards/correct), 跟 (with/follow)

adverb(s)

-- 一定 yīdìng (definitely), 也许 yěxǔ (perhaps), 并 bìng (at all), 经常 jīngcháng (often), 已经 yǐjing (already)

function(s):

也 yě (also) 都 dōu (all, both) 还 hái (also) 就 juì (only, uniquely) 只 zhǐ (only) 才 cái (only then) 而已 éryǐ (and that is all)

conjunction(s)

and -- 和 hé, 跟 gēn, 同 tóng, 与 yǔ
or -- 还是 háishi, 或者 huǒzhě

passive(s) -- 被 bèi

叫 jiào -- to call, to order
让 ràng -- to let, to allow
给 gěi -- to give, on behalf of

conditional(s) -- 就 jiù / 便 biàn / 则 zé

if -- 要是 yàoshi, 如果 rúguō, 假如 jiǎrú, 假使 jiáshǐ, 倘若 tǎngruò, 倘使 tángshǐ
postfix -- 则 zé
if .. then -- 的话 de huà
even if -- 就是 situation subject 也 / 还 verb
as long as -- 只要 zhǐyào
only if -- 除非 chúfēi
otherwise -- 要不然 yàobùrán, 不然, 否则 fǒuzé

[] readme course(s) preface I 1 2 II 3 4 III 5 6 7 IV 8 9 10 V 11 12 afterthought(s) appendix reference(s) example(s) resource(s) _

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