conj+masu	dict	neg	-te	-ta	vol.
	kak-imasu	kak-u	kak-anai	kai-te	kai-ta	kak-oo
	oyog-imasu	oyog-u	oyog-anai	oyoi-de	oyoi-da	oyog-oo
	hanas-himas	hanas-u	hanas-anai	hanashi-te	hanashi-ta	yom-oo
	shin-imasu	shin-u	shin-anai	shin-de	shin-da	shin-oo
	tob-imasu	tob-u	tob-anai	ton-de	ton-da	tob-oo
	mac-himasu	mat-su	mat-anai	mat-te	mat-ta	mat-oo
	nor-imasu	nor-u	nor-anai	not-te	not-ta	nor-oo
	ka-imasu	ka(w)-u	kaw-anai	kat-te	kat-ta	ka-oo
	tabe-masu	tabe-ru	tabe-nai	tabe-te	tabe-ta	tabe-yoo
	mi-masu	mi-ru	mi-nai	mi-te	mi-ta	mi-yoo
	shimasu	suru	shinai	shite	shita	shi-yoo
	kimasu	kuru	konai	kite	kita	koyoo
polite:	-masu	...	masen	mashite	mashita	-mashoo
passive:	-(r)are-ru	-(r)are	-(r)arenai	-(r)arete	-(r)areta	-(r)areyoo
causative:	-(s)ase-ru	-(s)ase	-(s)asenai	-(s)asete	-(s)aseta	-(s)ase-yoo
adjective:	A-i	A-ku	A-ku nai	A-kute	A-katta	A-karoo
copula:	da	...	de(wa) nai	de	datta	daroo
polite:	desu	...	de(wa) arimasen	deshite	deshita	deshoo

• ik-u: iki, itte, itta, ittara, ittari, ikoo, ikeba, ikanai, ikareru, ikeru, ikaseru

• exist: ar-u, i-ru
• need: ir-u
• know/have: dekiru -- ability
• know: shite-imasu
• have: motte-imasu

• V: tabemasu/taberu, tabemasen/tabenai
• past: tabemashita/tabeta, tabemasen deshita/tabenakatta
• A: osoi desu/osoi, {osoku nai desu, osoku arimasen}/osoku nai
• past: osokatta desu/osokatta, {osoku nakatta desu, osoku arimasen deshita}/osoku nakatta
• N/Na + Cop: ame desu/ame {da, de aru}, ame dewa arimasen/ame de(wa)nai
• past: ame deshita/ame {datta, de atta}, { ame dewa arimasen deshita, ame dewa nakatta desu }/ame de(wa) nakatta

• ak-u -- open
• aruk-u -- walk
• asob-u -- play
• atsume-ru -- collect
• awate-ru -- make haste
• azuke-ru -- give in trust
• chiga-u -- be different
• de-ru -- leave,go out
• fuk-u -- blow
• hair-u -- enter
• hajimar-u -- start (Vi)
• hajime-ru -- begin, start (Vt)
• hanashi-a-u -- talk with eachother
• hiki-uke-ru -- accept an offer
• hik-u -- pull
• hikkos-u -- move (to another house)
• ike-ru -- arrange
• isog-u -- haste(n)
• iwa-u -- celebrate
• kae-ru -- change
• kakar-u -- span
• kake-ru -- hang
• kangae-ru -- think, consider
• kanji-ru -- feel
• kayo-u -- commute
• kik-u --listen,hear
• ki ni ir-u -- catch one's fancy
• ki ni suru -- worry about
• kinji-ru -- forbid
• kir-u -- cut
• kotae-ru -- answer, reply
• kuras-u -- live, spend time
• makase-ru -- leave with, trust
• manek-u -- invite
• ma ni a-u -- be in time
• matome-ru -- arrange,complete (Vt)
• mir-u -- see
• mise-ru -- show
• mooshitsuke-ru -- give orders
• motsu -- hold
• motte-ik-u -- take, bring
• nagare-ru -- flow
• naos-u -- mend, fix
• nara-u -- learn
• nar-u -- become
• nasar-u = suru -- do (honorific)
• nayam-u -- be vexed
• nayamas-u -- afflict, annoy
• nega-u -- wish (o-negai)
• ne-ru -- sleep
• nobi-ru -- extend, postpone
• nobor-u -- climb
• nug-u -- take off
• nure-ru -- get wet
• odorok-u -- be surprised
• odor-u -- dance
• oki-ru -- get up
• okure-ru -- be late
• omoi-ukabe-ru -- imagine, recollect
• omo-u -- think
• orare-ru = i-ru -- exist (hon.)
• ori-ru -- get off
• osshar-u = i-u -- say, tell, name (hon.)
• oshie-ru -- teach
• oshim-u -- hold dear, regret
• owar-u -- end
• sakeb-u -- cry out, shout
• sas-u -- stick, pierce
• shaber-u --speak, chatter
• shimar-u -- close
• shirase-ru -- inform (everyone)
• shir-u -- get to know
• shitte-i-ru -- know
• soro-u -- complete preparations
• sugi-ru -- go past
• su-u -- inhale
• sutare-ru -- go out of use, decline
• tats-u -- elapse
• tazune-ru -- inquire
• todoke-ru -- deliver
• too-u -- show, let see
• tor-u -- take (dori)
• tsuka-u -- use
• tsukare-ru -- get tired
• tsuke-ru -- habitually do
• tsukur-u -- make, produce
• tsuk-u -- arrive
• tsutome-ru -- work for a company
• tsutsum-u -- wrap, pack
• tsuzuk-u -- continue
• uke-ru -- take, receive
• ushina-u -- imagine, recollect
• uta-u -- sing
• uttae-ru -- complain, file a suit
• wasure-ru -- forget
• yam-u -- stop
• yasum-u -- rest, have a holiday
• yar-u = suru -- do, play (sport)
• yatte-kuru -- come
• yom-u -- drink
• yorokob-u -- be glad
• yor-u -- drop
• yos-u = yame-ru -- stop, refrain from
• yo-u -- get drunk (yotte)

• adana -- nickname
• bara -- rose
• betsu -- something different
• densetsu -- legend
• e-hagaki -- picture postcards
• gochisoo -- good food
• hatsuon -- pronunciation
• hoo -- side, direction
• hoodoo -- news report
• imi -- meaning
• inaka -- country-side
• jiken -- incident, affair
• jishin -- self confidence
• junbi -- preparation
• kanban -- billboard, signboard
• karada -- body, health
• kenbutsu-nin -- onlooker
• kibo -- scale, scope
• kibun -- mood
• kookai -- regret
• komatta (koto) -- trouble, difficulty
• koten -- classics
• kotoba -- word, expression
• kyuuyoo -- urgent business
• man-in -- full of people
• mokuteki -- purpose
• mondai -- problem
• nayami -- trouble,worry
• ronbun -- thesis, essay
• ryookin -- fee, fair
• shikata -- means
• shinpai -- worry
• shitaku -- preparations
• shuumuu -- hobby
• sokudo -- speed
• tango -- word
• taku -- residence
• wa -- ring
• wasure mono -- something left behind
• yakusha -- actor
• yume -- dream

• atataku -- warm(er)
• atarashi-i -- new, fresh
• benri -- convenient
• chika-i -- near
• chisai-i -- small
• furu-i -- old
• hima -- free
• hitsuyoo -- necessary
• ichijirushi-i -- remarkable
• igi-buka-i -- significant
• ii = yo-i -- good
• isogashi-i -- busy
• ita-i -- painful
• karada ga daru-i -- feel run down
• karu-i --light, not heavy
• kawairashi -- cute
• kawaisoo -- pityful
• kekkoo -- satisfactory
• kindai-teki --modern (Na)
• kiraku -- easy going, carefree (Na)
• kirei --pretty
• mezurashi-i -- rare
• muzukashi-i -- difficult
• naga-i -- long
• nigiyako -- lively (Na)
• ninki -- popular
• oishi-i -- delicious
• oo-i -- many, much
• okashii -- strange, funny
• oki-i -- large
• omo-i -- heavy
• omoshiro-i -- interesting
• oso-i -- late, slow
• rippa -- excellent
• sabishi-i -- lonely, forlorn
• saku --last
• sawagashi-i -- noisy
• shizuka -- silent, quiet (Na)
• subarashi-i -- wonderful
• sugu -- near
• suzushi-i -- cool
• tadashi-i -- correct, right
• -tai-i -- want to
• tanoshi-i -- pleasant
• too-i -- far
• torazu -- less then
• tsumeta-i -- cold
• tsuyo-i -- strong
• uma-i -- skillful
• urayamashi-i -- envious
• waka-i -- young
• waru-i -- bad
• yasu-i -- cheap
• yukkuri -- leisurely
• zehi -- by all means

• choodo -- just
• chotto -- little, a while
• daibu = daibun -- fairly, largely
• hodo -- approximately
• hotondo -- most,almost
• ichido -- one
• ichido mo ... nai -- never
• ... ijoo -- more than
• itsumo -- always
• izen -- before
• kanari -- rather
• kantan-ni -- easily
• kitto -- surely
• kongo -- from now on
• mai-do -- everytime, always
• ma-mo-naku -- soon
• mata -- and also, again
• mattaku -- totally
• mettani ... nai -- seldom
• motto -- more
• mottomo -- most
• mukoo -- over there
• -nagara -- while
• nochi -- later, after
• sakan -- more
• sassoku -- right now
• sugu(-ni) -- soon, immediately
• tabun -- probably
• tada -- only
• tada-ima -- this moment
• taitei -- mostly
• takusan -- many
• tashika -- surely (if I remember well)
• tokidoki -- sometimes
• toki niwa -- sometimes
• tokuni -- especially, particularly
• wariai -- comparatively
• yoku -- very well
• zutto -- all the time
• zutsu -- each

• ara -- oh, dear
• are hodo -- that much
• aru -- one of
• bakari ka -- not only, but also
• bon yari -- absent-minded
• choo-kikan -- for a long time
• chotto -- say, ...
• daijoobu -- OK, it is alright
• dake da naku -- not only ... but
• dakedo -- however
• ... demo -- or something
• denwa ga karar-u/ar-u -- get a call
• denwa o kake-ru/suru -- make a call
• dewa ... -- well, then
• doo demo -- what do you say?
• doo itashimashita -- not at all
• doo iu ... what kind of
• doo ka shite iru -- something must be wrong
• doo shimashita -- what is the matter?
• doo shimasho -- what shall we do? ,li> doo shite mo -- at any cost
• doo-tte (doo to iu) koto wa nai -- nothing to get excited about
• dozo kochira e -- this way
• gomen-kudasai -- anybody home?
• gomen-nasai -- I am sorry, really
• go zonji -- being informal
• hajimemashite -- how do you do?
• hiki-uketa -- I'll do it!
• hisashi buri -- a long time
• hoka -- other
• hora -- look there
• ii tenki desu ne -- it is a nice day, ...
• iie, kekko desu -- no thank you (or accept)
• ikaga -- how do you like
• ikura -- how much
• iku-tsu -- how many
• ima demo -- even now
• ima nimo -- at any moment
• ippai -- filled
• issai -- everything else
• issho (ni) -- together
• isshoo kenmei -- with all one's might
• issoo -- all the more
• itsu ka -- some time, some day
• itsu made mo -- forever
• iwazu ni -- without saying
• iyaa -- well, no
• iyaa ... sore hodo demo arimasu -- no, not really
• jitsu wa -- the fact is, to tell the truth
• kado ga tats-u -- the corners stick out
• ka doo ka -- whether ... or ...
• kamo shirenai -- it may be that
• kanarazu-shimo ...nai -- not necessarily
• kawari ni -- instead
• kesshite ... nai -- never
• ki o tsuka-u -- be attentive, considerate
• ki o tsuke-ru -- be careful
• kokoro kara -- heartily
• kondo -- this time
• kono goro -- these days
• kono tsugi -- next time
• kore hodo -- as, to this degree
• kore kara wa -- from now on
• koro -- the time, days of
• kyuu ni --incidentally
• maa -- anyway
• mae motte -- in advance
• mazu -- firstly, before anything else
• me o mawas-u -- be stunned
• moo -- yet
• moshi -- if, provided
• mochiron -- of course
• mooshiwake arimasen -- I am sorry
• nado -- and some more
• naka naka dekimasen -- have difficulty with
• nakereba narana-i -- have to
• nakanaka -- (not) easily, verily, considerably
• nan demo -- anything, whatever
• nan-do mo -- many times
• nani ka to -- somehow, in various ways
• nanka = nado -- or the like
• nan-nari to -- anything, whatever it is
• nan toka suru -- manage to do
• nara -- if
• naru hodo -- oh, I see
• naze -- why
• naze nara -- because
• nen-juu -- all year round
• ni chigai na-i -- it is certain that, it must be
• -nikui -- difficult to
• ni tsuite -- next
• ... ni yoreba -- according to ...
• nobi-nobi-to -- in a relaxed manner
• no sei -- due to
• no wari ni -- considering
• o-daiji-ni -- take good care (sick person)
• o-... ni nar-u = suru -- to do (honor.)
• (o)-sewa ni nar-u -- receive kindness
• (o)-tagai ni -- each other, mutually
• -rashisa -- -ness, characteristic quality
• rei no -- that ... in question
• renraku ga tsuk-u -- get in touch with
• saa -- OK
• sate -- well
• sekkaku ... noni -- with much effort (in vain)
• shibaraku o-machi-kudasai -- please wait a minute
• shikata ga nai -- it can't be helped
• shin shin to mo -- in mind and body
• shite kara -- after (time) has passed
• soitsu -- that one (thing, person)
• sono go -- after that
• sono uchi -- before long
• sore dewa -- in that case
• sore jaa -- then
• sore kara -- and then, after that
• sore mo soo -- I guess you're right
• sore ni -- besides
• sore tomo --or else
• sorewa-sorewa -- really, so much
• sore yori -- rather than that
• sore zore -- each, respectively
• soro-soro -- slowly (onomat.)
• soshite -- and, and then
• suruto -- then
• tatoeba -- for example
• -te-choodai = -t-kudasai (colloq.)
• -te goran(-nasai) -- why don't you
• ... -te mir-u -- do ... and see
• ... to ieba -- speaking of
• to i-u -- called, named
• to iu yori -- rather than
• toki ori -- occassionally
• to kooji ni -- at the same time
• tokorode -- by the way
• tokoro ga -- however
• ... tomo -- for sure
• tootei ... nai -- by no means
• totsuzen -- suddenly
• tsui -- in spite of one self
• ushi na warete-iku -- be lost, dissappear
• ware -- myself
• wazawaza -- going out of ones way (adv)
• yagate -- presently, soon
• yaru = ya -- for example, ... and
• yoo -- same way (style, manner of)
• zannen nagara -- while it seems a shame
• zehi -- please,
• zenbu -- all, whole ...

• sen-ri no michi mo ippo kara -- a journey of thousand miles must begin with the first step

[] readme course(s) preface I 1 2 II 3 4 III 5 6 7 IV 8 9 10 V 11 12 afterthought(s) appendix reference(s) example(s) resource(s) _

(C) Æliens 04/09/2009