chapter: Objects
  ==================
  var empty_object = {};
  
  var stooge = {
      "first-name": "Jerome",
      "last-name": "Howard"
  };
      
      
  ====================================
  var flight = {
      airline: "Oceanic",
      number: 815,
      departure: {
          IATA: "SYD",
          time: "2004-09-22 14:55",
          city: "Sydney"
      },
      arrival: {
          IATA: "LAX",
          time: "2004-09-23 10:42",
          city: "Los Angeles"
      }
  };
      
      
  ====================================
  stooge["first-name"]     // "Jerome"
  flight.departure.IATA    // "SYD"
      
      
  ====================================
  stooge["middle-name"]    // undefined
  flight.status            // undefined
  stooge["FIRST-NAME"]     // undefined
      
      
  ====================================
  var middle = stooge["middle-name"] || "(none)";
  var status = flight.status || "unknown";
      
      
  ====================================
  flight.equipment                              // undefined
  flight.equipment.model                        // throw "TypeError"
  flight.equipment && flight.equipment.model    // undefined
      
      
  ====================================
  stooge['first-name'] = 'Jerome';
      
      
  ====================================
  stooge['middle-name'] = 'Lester';
  stooge.nickname = 'Curly';
  flight.equipment = {
      model: 'Boeing 777'
  };
  flight.status = 'overdue';
      
      
  ====================================
  var x = stooge;
  x.nickname = 'Curly';
  var nick = stooge.nickname;
      // nick is 'Curly' because x and stooge
      // are references to the same object
  
  var a = {}, b = {}, c = {};
      // a, b, and c each refer to a
      // different empty object
  a = b = c = {};
      // a, b, and c all refer to
      // the same empty object
      
      
  ====================================
  if (typeof Object.create !== 'function') {
       Object.create = function (o) {
           var F = function () {};
           F.prototype = o;
           return new F();
       };
  }
  var another_stooge = Object.create(stooge);
      
      
  ====================================
  another_stooge['first-name'] = 'Harry';
  another_stooge['middle-name'] = 'Moses';
  another_stooge.nickname = 'Moe';
      
      
  ====================================
  stooge.profession = 'actor';
  another_stooge.profession    // 'actor'
      
      
  ====================================
  typeof flight.number      // 'number'
  typeof flight.status      // 'string'
  typeof flight.arrival     // 'object'
  typeof flight.manifest    // 'undefined'
      
      
  ====================================
  typeof flight.toString    // 'function'
  typeof flight.constructor // 'function'
      
      
  ====================================
  flight.hasOwnProperty('number')         // true
  flight.hasOwnProperty('constructor')    // false
      
      
  ====================================
  var name;
  for (name in another_stooge) {
      if (typeof another_stooge[name] !== 'function') {
          document.writeln(name + ': ' + another_stooge[name]);
      }
  }
      
      
  ====================================
  var i;
  var properties = [
      'first-name',
      'middle-name',
      'last-name',
      'profession'
  ];
  for (i = 0; i < properties.length; i += 1) {
      document.writeln(properties[i] + ': ' +
              another_stooge[properties[i]]);
      }
  
      
      
  ====================================
  another_stooge.nickname    // 'Moe'
  
  // Remove nickname from another_stooge, revealing
  // the nickname of the prototype.
  
  delete another_stooge.nickname;
  
  another_stooge.nickname    // 'Curly'
      
      
  ====================================
  var MYAPP = {};
      
      
  ====================================
  MYAPP.stooge = {
      "first-name": "Joe",
      "last-name": "Howard"
  };
  
  MYAPP.flight = {
      airline: "Oceanic",
      number: 815,
      departure: {
          IATA: "SYD",
          time: "2004-09-22 14:55",
          city: "Sydney"
      },
      arrival: {
          IATA: "LAX",
          time: "2004-09-23 10:42",
          city: "Los Angeles"
      }
  };
      
      
  ==================