include <cstdlib>
  
  const double PI = 3.14159;
  
  class BigClass;
  void doSomething(const BigClass& arg)
  {
    // implementation here
  }
  
  void constIntOne()
  {
    const int* ip;
    ip = new int[10];
    //  ip[4] = 5; // DOES NOT COMPILE!
  }
  
  void constIntTwo()
  {
    int const * ip;
    ip = new int[10];
    //  ip[4] = 5; // DOES NOT COMPILE!
  }
  
  void constPtrOne()
  {
    int* const ip = NULL;
    //  ip = new int[10]; // DOES NOT COMPILE!
    ip[4] = 5;
  }
  
  void constIntPtrOne()
  {
    int const * const ip = NULL;
  }
  
  void constIntPtrTwo()
  {
    const int * const ip = NULL;
  }
  
  void manyLevelConst()
  {
    const int * const * const * const ip = NULL;
  }
  
  int main(int argc, char** argv)
  {
    int* ip;
    ip = new int[10];
    ip[4] = 5;
  
    int z;
    const int& zRef = z;
    //  zRef = 4; // DOES NOT COMPILE
  
    return (0);
  }