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www.hubertlerch.com/pdf/Wells_A_Modern_Utopia.pdf / utopian studies
sign(s)
Individual liberty in a community is not, as mathematicians would say, always of the same sign. To ignore this is the
essential fallacy of the cult called Individualism.
play(s)
To have
free play for one's individuality is, in the modern view, the
subjective triumph of existence, as survival in creative work
and offspring is its objective triumph. But for all men, since
man is a social creature, the play of will must fall short of
absolute freedom.
limitation(s)
There are two distinct and contrasting methods of limiting liberty; the first is Prohibition, .thou shalt not,. and the
second Command, .thou shalt.. There is, however, a sort of
prohibition that takes the form of a conditional command,
and this one needs to bear in mind. It says if you do so-andso, you must also do so-and-so;
A socialism or a communism is not necessarily a slavery, and there is no freedom under Anarchy. Consider how much liberty we gain by the loss of the common
liberty to kill.
command(s)
Prohibition takes one definite thing from the
indefinite liberty of a man, but it still leaves him an unbounded choice of actions. He remains free, and you have
merely taken a bucketful from the sea of his freedom. But
compulsion destroys freedom altogether. In this Utopia of
ours there may be many prohibitions, but no indirect compulsions.if one may so contrive it.and few or no commands.
economic(s)
But economics in
Utopia must be, it seems to me, not a theory of trading based
on bad psychology, but physics applied to problems in the
theory of sociology.
The general problem of Utopian economics is to state the conditions of the most efficient application of the steadily increasing quantities of material energy the progress of science makes available for human service, to the general needs of mankind. Human labour and
existing material are dealt with in relation to that. Trading
and relative wealth are merely episodical in such a scheme.
law(s)
Society was regarded as a practically unlimited number of avaricious adult units incapable of any
other subordinate groupings than business partnerships, and
the sources of competition were assumed to be inexhaustible. Upon such quicksands rose an edifice that aped the securities of material science, developed a technical jargon and
professed the discovery of "laws".
fate(s)
There is nothing in machinery, there is nothing in embankments and railways and iron bridges and engineering
devices to oblige them to be ugly. Ugliness is the measure of
imperfection; a thing of human making is for the most part
ugly in proportion to the poverty of its constructive thought,
to the failure of its producer fully to grasp the purpose of its
being.
Everything to which men continue to give thought
and attention, which they make and remake in the same
direction, and with a continuing desire to do as well as they
can, grows beautiful inevitably. Things made by mankind
under modern conditions are ugly, primarily because our
social organisation is ugly, because we live in an atmosphere
of snatch and uncertainty, and do everything in an underbred
strenuous manner. This is the misfortune of machinery, and
not its fault.
kinetic(s)
There us, indeed, no beauty whatever save that transitory thing
that comes and comes again; all beauty is really the beauty
of expression, is really kinetic and momentary.
That is true even of those triumphs of static endeavor achieved by Greece.
The Greek temple, for example, is a barn with a face that at a certain
angle of vision and in a certain light has a great calm beauty.
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